Geologia Ambiental

   Elementos de apoio preparados por J. Alveirinho Dias

99 mod. Mar 06    

Casos de Estudo
               
As Torrentes de Lama (mudflows) do Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) - 13 Nov 1985
             
5
  Bibliografia        
                 

ACOSTA, J. (1846) - Rélation de l’éruption boueuse sortie du volcan Ruiz et de la catastrophe de Lagunilla dans la République de la Nouvelle-Grenade [Account of the mud eruption (lahar) originating from the Nevado del Ruiz volcano and the Lagunilla catastrophe in the Republic of New Granada (Colombia)]: Paris, Académie des Sciences, Comptes Rendus, v. 22, p. 709-710.
ANDERSON, A., URIE, J., Emerine, M. & Holbrook, B. (s/d) - The 1985 Eruption of Nevado del Ruiz , In: Violent Volcanoes. Northern Kentucky University <http://physics.nku.edu/geology/GLY 110/110 student projects/Violent Volcanoes/Nevado del Ruiz.htm>
BARBERI F, MARTINI M & ROSI M (1990) - Nevado del Ruiz Volcano (Colombia): pre-eruption observations and the November 13, 1985 catastrophic event. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 42:1-12.
BRUCE, V. (2001) - No Apparent Danger: The True Story of Volcanic Disaster at Galeras and Nevado del Ruiz. New York: Harper Collins, 2001.
CAMP, Vic (s/d) - NEVADO DEL RUIZ (1985). In: How Volcanoes Work. San Diego State University. http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Nevado.html
CRISMATT, Carlos (s/d) - Armero, 1985. <http://crismatt.tripod.com/armero>
ELMS, Lindsay (2001) - Nevado Del Ruiz and Nevada Del Tolima: The Volcanoes of Central Colômbia. <http://members.shaw.ca/beyondnootka/articles/tolima.html>
EXNICIOS, Valerie & deKLERK, Angelique (s/d) - Nevado del Ruiz. In: Gyakum, J. & Stix, J., ATOC 250/EPSC 250 Natural Disasters, McGill University, <http://www.meteo.mcgill.ca/195-250/>
FAZEL, Adela (1997) - NEVADO DEL RUIZ, COLÔMBIA. Oxford Brookes University. <http://www.brookes.ac.uk/geology/8361/1997/adela.html>
HERD, D.G. & Comité de Estudios Vulcanológicos. (1986) - The 1985 Ruiz volcano disaster. EOS, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 67(19):457-460.
HERD, D.G. (1973) - Quaternary glaciation and volcanism in the central Cordillera Central, Colombia [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 5(1):53-54.
HOYOS-PATIÑO, Fabian (1999) - Glaciers of Colombia In: RICHARD S. WILLIAMS, Jr., and JANE G. FERRIGNO, eds., Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World - SOUTH AMERICA, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386-I - <http://pubs.usgs.gov/prof/p1386i>
LOWE, D R, WILLIAMS, S N, LEIGH, H, CONNER, C B, GEMMEL, J B & STOIBER, R E. (1986) -Lahars initiated by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colômbia. Nature 324:51-53.
MCCLELLAND, L. & SIMKIN, T. (1986) - Volcanic events reviewed . Geotimes 31:14-17 .
MESLEM, A. & CORBÉ, H. (s/d) - Armero. In: Catastrophes Naturelles. <http://www.prevention2000.org/cat_nat/risques/mvtter/mvt_arm.htm>
MILETI, D. S., BOLTON, P. A., FERNANDEZ, G., & UPDIKE, R. G. (1991) - The Eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, South América, November 13, 1985 . In: Natural Disaster Studies, Volume Four. National Academy Press,
Washington, D.C. <http://fermat.nap.edu/books/0309044774/html/R1.html>
NARANJO, J. L., SIGURDSSON, H., CAREY, S. N. & FRITZ, W. (1986) - Eruption of the Nevado Del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, on 13 November 1985: tephra fall and lahars. Science, 233:961-963.
OCHOA (s/d) - Colombia - Volcanic Eruption Nov 1985 UNDRO Situation Reports. U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) <http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf>
PARRA, E. & CAPEDA, H. (1990) - Volcanic hazard maps of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 42: 117-127
PIERSON, T.C., JANDA, R.J., THOURET, JEAN-CLAUDE, & BORRERO, C.A. (1990) - Perturbation and melting of snow and ice by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, and consequent mobiliztion, flow, and deposition of lahars. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 41:17-66.
PUNONGBAYAN, R. S. & TILLING, R. I. (1989) in: Volcanic Hazards. American Geophysical Union.
RINCÓN DEL VAGO (s/d) - Volcanes Famosos <http://www2.rincondelvago.com/servicios/catastrofes_naturales/volcanes/volcanes_famosos.html>
THOURET J. C. (1990) - Effects of the November 13, 1985 eruption on the snow pack and ice cap of Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 41, pg. 177-201 .
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (s/d) - Deadly Lahars from Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia
November 13, 1985. <http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Hazards/What/Lahars/RuizLahars.html>
VOLCANO WORLD (2000) - Nevado del Ruiz, Colômbia <http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/img_ruiz.html>
WIKIPEDIA (s/d) – Armero. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armero>

                 
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
5